Beginning+Readers



Phonemic Awareness Alphabetic Principal Accuracy and Fluency Vocabulary Comprehension ** Phonemic Awareness **

**Alphabetic Principal**
 * Phonemic Awareness:** The ability to hear and manipulate sounds in words.
 * Phonemic awareness is not phonics.
 * Phonemic awareness is auditory and does not involve words in print
 * __Examples of Phonemic Awareness Skills__**
 * Blending: What word am I trying to say? Mmmmmɯoooooɮp.
 * Segmentation (first sound isolation): What is the first sound in mop?
 * Segmentation (last sound isolation): What is the last sound in mop?
 * Segmentation (complete): What are all the sounds you hear in mop?

//Alphabetic Principle:// The ability to associate sounds with letters and use these sounds to form words. **Fluency**

//Fluency with Text:// The effortless, automatic ability to read words in connected text. ** Vocabulary **
 * Definition:** The ability to translate letters-to-sounds-to-words fluently, effortlessly. LaBerge and Samuels (1974; see [|References]) described the fluent reader as "one whose decoding processes are automatic, requiring no conscious attention" (e.g., Juel, 1991; see [|References]). Such capacity then enables readers to allocate their attention to the comprehension and meaning of the text.

//Vocabulary:// The ability to understand (receptive) and use (expressive) words to acquire and convey meaning.
Comprehension

//Comprehension:// The complex cognitive process involving the intentional interaction between reader and text to convey meaning.

Source: University of Oregon Institute for the Development of Educational Achievement For more info please log on to their [|website]